That period Pharoah Sanders is what I'd class as 'spiritual jazz' (basically modal jazz with a modern flavor) a sound from the John Coltrane school, who's band Sanders played tenor sax in.
It runs parallel with the 'free jazz' movement, so the music can be avant-garde, improvisational and pretty out there. Coltrane, Sanders, Albert Ayler & Ornette Coleman being the key figures in free jazz.
But spiritual jazz isn't really a style in the same way as free jazz, its more of an infusion of late 60s hippie elements like effects of psychedelic drugs and spiritual awakenings.
A very short list of musicians who also worked with Coltrane during this period who's solo work is work checking out - McCoy Tyner, Archie Shepp, Freddie Hubbard.
A short list of musicians who worked with Sanders during this period who's solo work is work checking out - Cecil Taylor, Don Cherry, Lonnie Liston Smith, Stanley Clarke
There are a fair few comps about to give you a good taster of this sound if you don't want to wade straight into full lps or catalogs of the various artists.
Oh, and you might want to check out the Strata-East label, it's the pretty seminal spiritual jazz label. Or other small labels like Black Jazz or Tribe. Maybe try; Doug and Jean Carn on Black Jazz, Harold McKinney on Tribe & Descendants of Mike and Phoebe on Strata East.
Further random listening;
Idris Muhammad - 'peace and Rhythm'
Leon Thomas - 'Spirits Known and Unknown'
Doug Hammond - 'Reflections in the Sea of Nurnen'
Noah Howard - 'Red Star'
Billy Gault - 'When Destiny Calls'
Yusef Lateef - 'Jazz Mood on Savoy'
Norman Connors - 'Dance of Magic'
Infinite Sound - 'S/T'
Stan Clarke - 'Children of Forever'
Charles Sullivan - 'Genesis'
Mary Lou Williams 'Mary Lou's Mass'