mixed_biscuits
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What is it with Mixed Biscuits and IQ tests... ?
Huh? It wasn't me! I posted a essay on working memory being linked to managed farming, I think.
What is it with Mixed Biscuits and IQ tests... ?
Huh? It wasn't me! I posted a essay on working memory being linked to managed farming, I think.
Part philosopher, part sociologist and entirely humanist, he studied tribes in Brazil and North America, concluding that virtually all societies shared powerful commonalities of behavior and thought, often expressing them in myths. Towering over the French intellectual scene in the 1960s and 1970s, he founded the school of thought known as structuralism, which holds that common features exist within the enormous varieties of human experience. Those commonalities are rooted partly in nature and partly in the human brain itself.
He concluded that primitive peoples were no less intelligent than "Western" civilizations and that their intelligence could be revealed through their myths and other cultural keystones. Those myths, he argued, all tend to provide answers to such universal questions as "Who are we?" and "How did we come to be in this time and place?"
His studies of American cultures, he said, was "an attempt to show that there are laws of mythical thinking as strict and rigorous as you would find in the natural sciences."
He was particularly intrigued with opposites, such as black and white, cooked and raw, roasted and boiled, or rational and emotional, that often serve as organizing elements in societies. He explored these binary concepts to find fundamental truths about humanity, noting, for example, that some cannibal groups boiled their friends, but roasted their enemies.
- from commentsTo learn more about acupuncture research, I would direct you to two publications.
Acupuncture Research: Strategies for Establishing an Evidence Base, by Hugh MacPherson PhD (Oct 26, 2007)
Integrating East Asian Medicine into Contemporary Healthcare, by Scheid, Volker and MacPherson, Hugh (Oct 24, 2011)
Currently our highest standard of evidence consists of meta-analyses such as this study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, which proves a statistically significant difference between sham and verum acupuncture interventions, on top of a statistically significant reduction of chronic pain measures:
Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22965186
Acupuncture research has increased dramatically in the past 10 years, but we still face a slow process of research development due to the small numbers of researchers. The Slate article does a good job of showing how politics can influence medical policy (especially in highly controlled societies such as Maoist China), and it uses a few choice quotes that are easily cherry-picked to create a certain bias. However, it completely obfuscates the steady development of Chinese Medicine over the past 2,000 years (who cares about a difference of 1,000BC vs 3,000BC seriously, that is a moot point), replacing its complexity and medical effectiveness with the streamlined, politicized version that Mao promoted, and conveniently avoiding mention of its currently successful use in hospitals in Sweden, Germany, the UK, China, Taiwan, South Korea, etc).
I have a few criticisms of this article.
1) I find it amusing that this article spurred a debate about the scientific validity of Chinese Medicine. In fact the only time Levinovitz mentions the science of acupuncture research, (referring to the advanced work of Ted Kaptchuk studying acupuncture and placebo at Harvard Medical School), he immediately compares the scientifically significant studies of acupuncture and placebo with the statement that "some elements of Scientology are probably sound advice." Advice? Compared to scientific method? This is facetiousness, not skepticism. The author could more effectively compare the teachings of L Ron Hubbard to those of Chairman Mao. But instead he compares the results of valid medical research to the polemicism of a religious icon. He also concludes his argument with a nice blanket statement conflating the idea of Qi with the power of God. This is unscientific thinking at its laziest. Is his goal to convince readers that acupuncture is a religion? If so, then he has started to do a good job. Not so great however with objectivity or investigative reasoning.
2) Are most people missing the original point of the article? He is comparing the Senate Resolution to NAME A WEEK after Naturopathic Medicine (in the USA, 2013, in which around 10,000 NDs practice in the US as fully qualified primary care physicians) to the party line on national medicine used in Maoist China during the forced relocation of around 1/4 of China's medical practitioners from urban areas to the countryside, often armed with little over a handbook in the way of medical training. Wow. He then gives Mao agency by telling us that "Mao would have been pleased to see how the Senate resolution paid homage to these innovations." Rather than showing why preventative medicine and holistic care could possibly be harmful, or why NOT to name a week after Naturopathic medicine, he merely gives them a negative association by pretending to know that Mao would approve of their politicized language. Then he uses this negative association as a platform from which to denounce acupuncture (not naturopathy as one might expect) as the last resort of a society looking for a miracle to cure their chronically overweight, depressed, arteriosclerotic, cancerous huddling masses. Great, that is really helpful. But I am still confused about the goal of the article.
3) What is Levinovitz actually criticizing? Is he saying that federal acknowledgment of Naturopathy (by naming a week after it) is commensurate to erroneously advocating the use of Chinese Medicine? How, logically, does naming a week after NATUROPATHY lead to the absolute acceptance of Chinese Medicine in the US? Or is Mao somehow an indexical bit of language referencing the irrational endorsement of a nonscientific medicine? And if that were the case, shouldn't he be explaining how naturopathy is unscientific, rather than acupuncture? He seems to merely state that the language of holism and prevention are similar between Maoist Chinese Medicine and principles of Naturopathy, and that this language somehow becomes equated with "miracles, panaceas, and natural healing powers." Interesting. I would argue that Levinovitz engages in miraculous types of logic in order to hold this argument together.
Generally, when you go see an Asian doctor about an illness, the first questions s/he will ask you is about your daily life and environment - work, home, relationship, etc, to determine what kinds of stresses or conflicts persists. Secondly s/he will ask about your diet. Thirdly and finally s/he will ask about the physical direct aspects and history of the illness.
but that is also no proof that the entire history of Chinese medicine is rubbish.
Read the article again. At no point does it say what you clearly think it says or would like it to say, namely, "Chinese medicine is a load of old nonsense".
None of this conclusively discredits Chinese medicine, just as L. Ron Hubbard’s previous career as a science fiction author doesn’t conclusively discredit Scientology. Some aspects of Chinese medicine are undeniably effective (a prominent American authority on Chinese medicine now heads up Harvard’s program in placebo studies), and some elements of Scientology are probably sound advice.
The reason so many people take Chinese medicine seriously, at least in part, is that it was reinvented by one of the most powerful propaganda machines of all time and then consciously marketed to a West disillusioned by its own spiritual traditions.
comparing Chinese medicine to Scientology and basically saying that it is only effective as placebo... sounds very much like complete dismissal as nonsense to me.
banned ted talks