so I've finally managed to read a chunk of that CSIS paper on the Iranian military that Vim linked about 10 pages back. I'm only about 1/3 thru but a couple things that stand out, especially in re: recent events.
Iran's conventional military readiness, effectiveness & capabilities have declined since the end of the of the Iran-Iraq War, & Iran has not been able to find a meaningful way to restore its conventional edge in the region...This inability to modernize its conventional forces is seen by many experts as one of the reasons for Iran's "nuclear ambitions" and its focus on building asymmetric capabilities
The IRGC remains the center of Iran's hardline security forces but has become steadily more bureaucratic & less effective as a conventional fighting force since the end of the Iran-Iraq War...Corruption & careerism are growing problems, & the IRC's role in the defense industry has led to financial abuses
[The IRGC's Naval] forces can carry out extensive raids against Gulf Shipping...they give Iran a major capability for asymmetric warfare
2 points that come up again & again
1 - Tho the Iranians have a lot of bodies in uniform/equipment, due to poor training, lack of infrastructure/poor logistics & ability to perform maintenance, the mixed success of homegrown defense industries, etc. its actual conventional strength, especially on the offensive (decided lack of mobility) - is far below the #s. another reason to focus on CBRN weapons & irregular/warfare by proxy.
2 - the IRGC have their fingers in many, many pies, have their own power base, are pretty well removed from any kind of civilian or military oversight, control all the CBRN stuff & are that the forefront of agitating for Iran to get more. None of this is a revelation, admittedly. But - I reckon the mullahs, tho certainly self-interested, at least care about the Iranian people & have a certain religious ethical base. the impression I get about the IRGC is that it's interested in 1 thing, namely the IRGC.
also - Iran is estimated to hold 11.1% world oil reserves & 15.3% world natural gas reserves. at the risk of exposing my own ignorance - I knew Iran had a lot of oil but not 1/10+ of the world reserve. & I had no idea that they had that much natural gas. reinforces how badly they must have been mismanaging the economy to not even be able to spread the oil/gas wealth around.