Does anyone have any idea as to why she divided up British writers into camps for James and Aickerman? From my limited reading in each case I could suggest a number of differences between them, but I don't necssarily see them as two opposing schools - unless she simply meant to say that they were the most popular two. But I imagine she had more profound reasons than that.
Interesting observation from Nina Allan here
https://www.ninaallan.co.uk/?p=2565
"The Swords by Robert Aickman (1975). How to explain Robert Aickman? He’s often grouped together with M. R. James and Arthur Machen as a ‘master of the English weird tale’ and indeed Aickman does belong to – or rather issue from – this tradition. There’s more, though. His stories belong to a strange, indeterminate time for horror fiction, which unsurprisingly fell out of fashion after WW2, and did not truly arrive in its various modern incarnations until the publication of Stephen King’s
Carrie in 1974. What permeates Aickman’s fiction most of all is a sense of disappointment, of washed-upness: the postwar ‘never had it so good’ utopia has failed to arrive. In Britain there’s a mood of confusion and displacement in the aftermath of empire. Where now? Aickman’s protagonists seem to be asking, and none more so than the travelling salesman who is the ‘hero’ of ‘The Swords’. In its depiction of decay and disillusionment, Aickman’s fiction provides something the English weird tale had never attempted up till then: a version of the dirty ‘kitchen sink’ realism we see in the mainstream novels and films of the period. It also directly paved the way for the weird fiction of writers from the so-called ‘mundane’ school such as M. John Harrison, Nicholas Royle and Joel Lane."
I adore 'The Swords', based where I grew up. And, of course, as I said elsewhere, its influence in Lane's work is clearest in 'Keep the Night' in Scar City. Robert Aickman's 'The Swords' is based in Wolverhampton but Lane's 'Keep the Night' is notably—conspicuously in this collection based almost entirely Birmingham and the Black Country—set Milton Keynes. I wonder if this was a conscious decision to add some distance into a story that borrows heavily from Aickman. I wonder.
But,
@IdleRich - As Allan points out, there is a disillusionment, a drabness, a disappointedness about Aickman (and Lane too, of course) that is, so far as I can tell, not a major aspect of M. R. James' work.
Also, I wonder if the difference could be as simple as James' stories being stories about the subject of ghosts.... whereas Aickman very quickly moved beyond and sought to distance himself from 'ghost stories', proclaiming his genre to be 'Strange Stories'- which could, of course, be interpreted as having a supernatural explanation, if one seeks such 'foolish explanations'.
In the introduction to the 4th Fontana Book of Great Ghost Stories (containing an M R James) he writes
"I cannot pretend that these tales were not first called ghost stories because they were regarded as stories that dealt with the dead who returned. I should like to suggest that now the word 'ghost' should be seen more as the German
geist; that ghost stories should be stories concerned not with appearance and consistency, but with the spirit behind appearance, the void behind the face of order. Ghost stories inquire and hint, waver and disassemble, started and astonish. They are the last refuge from the universal, affirmative shout."
Certainly,
if there are 'ghosts' in Aickman and Lane's stories these are ghosts in the sense RA detailed above, geist, spirit.