Amazon product ASIN 1509542760
The Disappearance of Rituals by Byung-Chul Han, 2020
Just finished this book. While full of fascinating insight and useful conceptual clarifications, they culminate one-sidedly in a deeply and unmistakably conservative argument.
Han, in discussing Hegel’s master/slave dialectic, dispenses with the dialectic altogether and unequivocally praises the master. Kojève’s cartoonish post-historical Japan is uncritically championed as the highest, most ideal form of society. A la Bataille, nostalgia for archaic societies’ “strong” and glorious forms of play (festivals, elaborate politeness, but also blood rites, traditional warfare, and even suicide) is the simple corollary to Han’s dismissive contempt for modernity’s “weak” ones (mass entertainment events, social media, but also the very conception of play found in Kantian aesthetics).
Modernity, capitalism, Enlightenment, will-to-knowledge and will-to-truth, the compulsions toward authenticity and production, the centrality of work and survival, narcissism, the dislocation of religion and the sacred, and neoliberalism… These are all lumped in together as a vague, lamentable force which “desecrates life,” as Han is keen on repeating. Approving references to Agamben aside, deliberation on the critical potentialities of this desecration, of desacralization or “profanation” as Agamben terms it, is entirely absent. Well here we are, Han! Now what?
Yes, sovereignty as human freedom from necessity, the amoral character of beauty, the quality of play as an index of social flourishing (even if Han is silent around the precise nature of this indexical quality)… all valuable wonderful fascinating relevant things! Georg Simmel approaches some of Han’s same dilemmas in his essay on sociability. But although both authors elide from their analyses the dimension of political economy, at least Simmel wrestles with the very real possibility (tendency?) that a highly developed cultural commitment to semblance and formalism, to an “excess of the signifier,” can also mask enormous social decay and discontent… in other words, that the neutral and ‘unreal’ freedom of forms is but cold comfort to real social and political unfreedom.
Han hamfistedly registers the crisis of the debasement of ritual and play in wistful reverence for pre-modern social life without making space for such considerations. Sometimes Han’s vision for a new society of ritual sounds like socialism, but his simplistic contempt for modernity and the absence of politics in his argument signal otherwise. In fact, this ‘vision’ sounds much more like vain pontification and less a historical possibility or project.
All in all, a weakly argued entry into a fascinating and thought-provoking subject. Had the author been more willing to get his hands dirty rather than clutch his pearls, it might’ve been otherwise. Nostalgia for the bourgeois autonomy of art, while perhaps barely if at all more tenable, is preferable to such base primitivism. Han’s is a romantic anti-capitalism, and thus merely an expression of the very capitalist decadence he so derides.